The Correct answer is All of the above. Important Notes: • The term “Judicial Activism” refers to the court’s decision, based on the judge's personal wisdom that does not go rigidly within the text of the statute passed by the legislature and the use of judicial power broadly to provide remedies to the wide range of social wrongs for ensuring proper justice • The judiciary plays an important role in upholding and promoting the rights of citizens in a country. The active role of the judiciary in upholding the rights of citizens and preserving the constitutional and legal system of the country is known as judicial activism. T • Judicial activism is seen as a success in liberalizing access to justice and giving relief to disadvantaged groups, because of the efforts of justices V R Krishna Ayer and P N Bhagwati. • The various reasons for judicial activism are • When the legislature fails to discharge its responsibilities. • Where government is weak and unstable. • When the government authoritarian and fails to protect the rights of the citizens. • When the legislature fails to make the necessary legislation to suit the changing times and governmental agencies fail miserably to perform their administrative functions sincerely, it leads to an erosion of the confidence of the citizens in the constitutional values and democracy.