The correct option is Both 1 and 2. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Article 176 (1): According to the legislative powers of the Governor he can address the state legislature at the commencement of the first session after each general election and the first session of each year. Hence, statement 1 is correct. • Article 208 (1): A House of the Legislature of a State may make rules for regulating subject to the provisions of this Constitution, its procedure, and the conduct of its business. • Article 208 (2): Until rules are made under clause ( 1 ), the rules of procedure and standing orders in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution with respect to the Legislature for the corresponding Province shall have effect in relation to the Legislature of the State subject to such modifications and adaptations as may be made therein by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, or the Chairman of the Legislative Council, as the case may be. • Article 208 (3): In a State having a Legislative Council the Governor, after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairman of the Legislative Council, may make rules as to the procedure with respect to communications between the two Houses. • Hence, statement 2 is correct. Related Concepts: • Rules are generally considered delegated legislation. For eg. The legislature makes law and allows the executive to make rules for the execution of those laws. • This is done because the legislature cannot oversee all aspects and all possible future outcomes. So they make laws and allows the executive to improve that law by added rules and regulations. We can say the law made by the legislature is having only a skeleton structure and the rules made by the executive gives it flesh and blood. • So if there are no rules to any law the court will simply apply the law. If there are no rules made by the state executive and no law made by the state legislature we use laws made by parliament. However, if there is no law made by the state or the central legislatures and no executive made ordinances the court will apply recognized legal principles or even adopt the laws from other countries as legal principles. • In the Bhopal gas tragedy case, there was a lack of adequate legislation. So the Supreme Court developed a new legal principle called the “absolute liability principle“ This is adapted from a legal principle called the Strict liability principle. The British Courts developed the strict liability principle. • The Supreme Court, in the M.C. Mehta vs Union of India 1987, found the strict liability principle inadequate to protect citizens’ rights and replaced it with the absolute liability principle. Important Notes: • UPSC- CSP 2019 answer key provided the same answer that is option 3, Both 1 and 2. • UPSC CSE Prelims 2019: Paper 1, Set A, Q.53.