1. Constitutional provision: Article 75(1), in Part V of the Constitution (The Union), states that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President. Other ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. No separate Schedule governs this appointment; however, Article 75(4) refers to the Third Schedule for the forms of oaths of office and secrecy administered to ministers. 2. Constitutional amendment: The Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003 inserted clauses (1A) and (1B) into Article 75. Clause (1A) limits the total number of Union ministers, including the Prime Minister, to 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha. Clause (1B) restricts ministerial appointment of members disqualified under the anti-defection provisions. 3. Judicial context: In Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974), the Supreme Court explained the constitutional position of the President as ordinarily acting on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers. S. R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994) underscored the importance of legislative majority in India's parliamentary system. The President appoints the Prime Minister, but the appointment operates within the constitutional framework of parliamentary government. Article 75(3) makes the Council of Ministers collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. Official constitutional text: https://www.legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india/