The correct answer is 74th Constitution Amendment Act. Key Points • The 74th Constitution Amendment Act, passed in 1992, specifically provided for the formation of the Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC). • It introduced Part IXA to the Indian Constitution, which deals with the governance of municipalities and urban local bodies. • The Act added Article 243ZE, which mandates the creation of a Metropolitan Planning Committee in every metropolitan area with a population of more than 10 lakh. • The role of the MPC is to prepare a development plan for the metropolitan area as a whole and coordinate planning among municipalities, panchayats, and other authorities in the region. • The composition and functioning of the MPC are determined by the state legislature, but two-thirds of the members must be elected from local bodies in the metropolitan area. Hence, this amendment is the correct answer. • The formation of the MPC ensures coordinated planning and development in large urban areas, addressing issues like housing, transportation, and infrastructure. Additional Information • 74th Constitution Amendment Act: • This amendment was introduced to give constitutional status to municipalities and urban local bodies, empowering them to act as effective units of self-governance. • It introduced provisions for three types of municipalities: Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council, and Municipal Corporation, depending on the size of the urban area. • Article 243ZE: • This article mandates the creation of a Metropolitan Planning Committee for urban areas with a population exceeding 10 lakh. • The MPC is tasked with preparing a development plan for the entire metropolitan area, taking into account the plans prepared by various local bodies. • Key Features of the 74th Amendment: • It included a 12th Schedule, which lists 18 functional items to be managed by municipalities, such as urban planning, water supply, slum improvement, and public health. • It emphasized the need for citizen participation in urban governance through the formation of Ward Committees. Important Points • 42nd Constitution Amendment Act: • This amendment, passed in 1976, is also known as the ‘Mini Constitution’. It strengthened the central government by transferring certain subjects from the State List to the Concurrent List but did not include provisions for the MPC. • 44th Constitution Amendment Act: • This amendment, passed in 1978, reversed some provisions of the 42nd Amendment, particularly restoring some powers to the states and safeguarding fundamental rights. • 73rd Constitution Amendment Act: • Passed in 1992, this amendment focused on rural self-governance by granting constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions and including a 11th Schedule listing 29 functional items for these bodies.