The Correct answer is Option 3. Explanation & Key Takeaways: *]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-testid="conversation-turn-14" data-turn="assistant" data-turn-id="request-WEB:8a30a70b-17fe-4c93-989e-82eb0f3261ec-6" dir="auto" tabindex="-1"> The passage explains that non-violent mass movements created a crisis for colonial authorities because they forced the rulers to confront the true basis of their power. When peaceful satyagrahis were met with repression, the colonial state was exposed as relying not on moral authority or consent, but on brute force and coercion. The text explicitly states that the use of armed force against peaceful protesters revealed the underpinning of colonial state power in brute force, thereby placing the authorities in a morally indefensible position and weakening their hegemony. • Option 1 is a general statement and not the specific reason explained in the passage. • Option 2 is figurative and not derived from the passage. • Option 4 describes a consequence of repression, not the immediate reason why the authorities are put in trouble. • Option 3 directly reflects the passage’s core argument explaining why non-violent movements trouble colonial rulers. Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.