The Correct answer is Option 4. Explanation & Key Takeaways: The passage establishes a clear cause–effect relationship between the hegemonic, mass character of the Indian National Movement and the adoption of non-violence, and then explains the consequences of this adoption. • Statement (b) explains that non-violence became a fundamental element because the movement was hegemonic and mass-based. This identifies the reason for adopting non-violence. • Statement (c) describes a result of adopting non-violent forms—it enabled the participation of the common people who could not have joined a violent struggle. • Statement (a) merely describes the overall nature of the movement and does not arise directly from statement (c). Thus, statement (b) leads to statement (c): because non-violence was adopted due to the hegemonic nature of the movement, mass participation became possible. Therefore, the correct relationship is: Option 4: c is the effect of b.