The correct answer is All of the above. Explanation & Key Takeaways: Long terms perspective for management of supply-side factors - • Changing Production Patterns -Encouraging farmers to shift from the cultivation of rice and wheat to pulses and oilseeds would help ensure that the country is self-reliant in pulses and oilseeds and also assist in reducing import dependence. • Calibrated Import Policy - Knee jerk reactions to a price rise of essential commodities like pulses and edible oils through frequent import tariff revisions though providing immediate relief to the consumers in the way of lower prices, sending wrong signals to domestic producers and creating an environment of uncertainty. • Focus on transportation and storage infrastructure for perishable commodities - Better storage and supply chain management are required to ensure availability in the lean season and reduced wastages of horticulture and other perishable essential commodities to reduce the seasonal spikes in prices for consumers, glut for the farmers in times of good harvests due to lack of marketing infrastructure, resulting in distress sales. • Hence the correct answer is option 4.