The correct answer is Both the statements are correct and statement b is not the correct explanation of statement a. • Social movements are those movements which are usually directed towards the specific goals. • According to the theory of collective action, a person will take part in a movement only if he/she gains something from it. • On the other hand theory of relative deprivation says that social conflict arises only when one section of society considers itself weaker than others. • There are three types of social movements: • Reformist • Revolutionary • Transformatory • Social reformist movements include issues like sati, child marriage, widow remarriage, caste discrimination etc. • Social reformist movements are the combination of creative modern ideas and western broad-mindedness and a new look at traditional literature. • These continuously varied reform movements did not have common themes, they may be confined to some time to poor people and women upliftment sometimes may be confined up to upper caste only. • So it was a difficult and breathtaking task for reformers when society was very backward before independence. • Hence both statements are correct, but do not provide an explanation for each other.