The Correct answer is 27.5%. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • As per the Planning Commission of India, the percentage of the total population of India below the poverty line in 2004–05 was 27.5%. • The estimation was based on the Lakadawala Poverty Estimates combined. • The poverty line is measured based on the minimum income required to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing. • The poverty estimation methodology has been developed over time to better capture the socio-economic conditions of the population. • In 2004-05, the criteria for measuring poverty were primarily based on consumption expenditure. Related Concepts: • Lakadawala Poverty Estimates • The Lakadawala Committee was formed in 1993 to review the methodology for poverty estimation. • It recommended that poverty lines should be updated using the Consumer Price Index. • The committee's estimates were based on calorie intake norms, ensuring a certain level of calorie intake per person per day. • These estimates were widely used for planning and policy-making until the introduction of the Tendulkar Committee Report in 2009.