The Correct Answer is : 19th century Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian monk and biologist who is best known for his experiments with pea plants. He is often referred to as the "father of modern genetics." • Mendel was born on July 20, 1822, and died on January 6, 1884. His work on pea plants was conducted in the mid-19th century. • His groundbreaking experiments were carried out between 1856 and 1863 in the monastery's garden in Brno (now in the Czech Republic), which was part of the Austrian Empire during Mendel's lifetime. • Mendel selected pea plants (Pisum sativum) for his experiments due to their many distinct varieties, and because offspring could be quickly and easily produced. He also appreciated that he could control their fertilization. • He presented his research, "Experiments on Plant Hybridization," at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brno in Moravia in 1865. The work was published the following year, but it was not widely recognized or understood during his lifetime. • Mendel’s findings were rediscovered in 1900 by three different scientists working independently (Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, and Erich Tschermak). This restarted the genetics movement and finally affirmed the importance of Mendel’s work in the 19th century. • Mendel's work laid the foundation for the study of genetics by identifying the fundamental laws of inheritance, such as the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, segregation, and independent assortment, which all emerge from his work with pea plants in the 19th century.