The Correct Answer is Neither A nor B Explanation & Key Takeaways: • The Non-Cooperation Movement was indeed launched by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1920. This was a significant event in the Indian Independence Movement. • However, the statement that "five universities were established during that period" is not verifiable considering the available historical records as of my last training cut-off in September 2021. Indian universities established during this period were not necessarily a direct result of the Non-Cooperation Movement. • Gandhiji did indeed establish a university in the state of Gujarat, but it was called the Gujarat Vidyapith, not Gujarat University. • The Gujarat Vidyapith was founded on October 18, 1920, by Mahatma Gandhi who served as its lifetime chancellor. His vision was to promote educational institutions in India that were run by Indians themselves and independent of colonial authorities. • Gujarat University and Gujarat Vidyapith are two different entities. Gujarat University is a state university situated in Ahmedabad, and it was established much later in 1949. • Gujarat Vidyapith was established as a national university without a government charter. Gandhiji used to call it a national university since it was dedicated to the cause of national education reflecting Indian heritage and culture. • The Gujarat Vidyapith aimed to promote Gandhiji's ideas around literacy and education. It still exists today and continues to follow Gandhi's philosophies and principles of education.