The correct answer is **Treaty of Salabai** (Option 2). **Comprehensive Derivation:** The correct answer is Treaty of Salabai. Explanation & Key Takeaways: First Anglo-Maratha War: • When Madhavrao I died, there was a tussle for power in the Maratha camp. • His brother Narayanrao became the Peshwa but his uncle Raghunathrao wanted to become the Peshwa. For this, he sought the help of the English • So, the Treaty of Surat in 1775 was signed according to which Raghunathrao ceded Salsette and Bassein to the English and in return he was given 2500 soldiers. • The British and the army of Raghunathrao attacked the Peshwa and won. • The British Calcutta Council under Warren Hastings annulled this treaty and a new treaty, the Treaty of Purandhar was signed in 1776 between the Calcutta Council and Nana Phadnavis, a Maratha minister. • Accordingly, Raghunathrao was given a pension only and Salsette was retained by the British. • But the British establishment at Bombay violated this treaty and sheltered Raghunathrao. • In 1777, Nana Phadnavis went against his treaty with the Calcutta Council and granted a port on the west coast to the French. • This led the British to advance a force towards Pune. There was a battle at Wadgaon near Pune in which the Marathas under Mahadji Shinde secured a decisive victory over the English. • The English were forced to sign the Treaty of Wadgaon in 1779. • There was a series of battles at the end of which the Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782. This ended the first Anglo-Maratha war. **Option Elimination:** • **Option 1 (Treaty of Gwalior)**: Incorrect distractor. • **Option 2 (Treaty of Salabai)**: Correct Answer; accurate according to canonical reference. • **Option 3 (Treaty of Mandsaur)**: Incorrect distractor. • **Option 4 (Treaty of Pune)**: Incorrect distractor. **Exam Trap:** Be careful of misleading distractors and subtle terminology differences. Verify core properties before selecting your answer. **Memory Booster:** Core mnemonic rule: Treaty of Salabai corresponds to Option (2).