The correct answer is the 99th Amendment Act Explanation & Key Takeaways: • 99th Constitutional Amendment Act • It formed a National Judicial Appointments Commission. • 16 State assemblies out of 29 States including Goa, Rajasthan, Tripura, Gujarat and Telangana ratified the Central Legislation, enabling the President of India to give assent to the bill. • In 2015, the Constitution Bench (4:1 Majority) of the Supreme Court declared the 99th Constitutional Amendment and National Judicial Commission (NJAC) unconstitutional on the ground that it violates the Basic Structure of the Constitution of India. Related Concepts: • 65th Amendment Act • The 65th Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution (1990) is significant as it strengthened the role and functioning of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). • It replaced the existing multi-member body for SCs and STs with a National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, under Article 338. • This Commission was given a constitutional status, elevating its authority and independence • The Commission was empowered to function as a quasi-judicial body, with powers similar to a civil court in certain matters. • 82nd Amendment Act • The 82nd Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution (2000) introduced a crucial provision to protect the interests of the Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in matters of employment. • The amendment added a proviso to Article 335 of the Constitution. • Article 335 originally states that the claims of SCs and STs must be taken into consideration in appointments to services and posts, while ensuring the maintenance of efficiency in administration. • The amendment allowed the government to relax qualifying marks and standards of evaluation for SCs and STs in matters of reservation in promotions. • 52nd Amendment Act • The 52nd Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution (1985) is a landmark legislation known for introducing the anti-defection law. • The amendment added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution, commonly referred to as the Anti-Defection Law. • It aims to curb political defections by members of the legislature, which were seen as undermining the stability of governments and the principles of democracy.