The Correct answer is Only Statement 1. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Under the Indian Constitution, the Union Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, which is the lower house of Parliament. • This principle of collective responsibility is enshrined in Article 75(3) of the Constitution of India. • It means that all ministers stand and fall together; if the Lok Sabha passes a vote of no confidence against the Council of Ministers, all ministers must resign. • The concept of collective responsibility ensures a unified approach in decision-making by the Council of Ministers. • It is a key feature of the parliamentary system of government as practiced in India. • Statement 1 is correct because it aligns with the constitutional provision that the Union Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha. Related Concepts: • Statement 2: In bicameral states, the State Council of Ministers is responsible to the Legislative Council • This statement is incorrect because, in states with a bicameral legislature, the State Council of Ministers is responsible to the Legislative Assembly, which is the lower house, and not the Legislative Council. • This principle is outlined in Article 164(2) of the Constitution of India. • The Legislative Council (upper house) does not hold the State Council of Ministers collectively accountable. • In states, the Legislative Assembly plays a role similar to the Lok Sabha at the Union level in ensuring accountability of the executive.