The correct answer is Article 3. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Article 3 of the Indian Constitution vests the Parliament with the authority to undergo internal reorganization of the states of the Union of India. • It empowers the legislature to form a new state by separating territory from any state, uniting two or more states, or joining any territory to a part of any state. • The Parliament can also use this article to increase or diminish the area, alter the boundaries, or change the name of any existing state through a simple majority. • A bill intended for these purposes can only be introduced in either House of Parliament with the prior recommendation of the President. • If the bill affects the area, boundary, or name of a state, the President must refer the bill to the relevant State Legislature for its views within a specified period, though the Parliament is not legally bound by those views. • This article highlights the unitary tilt of the Indian federal system, where the territorial integrity of states is not guaranteed by the Constitution. Related Concepts: • Article 2: • Relates to the admission or establishment of new states that are not part of the Union of India. • It was notably used during the admission of Sikkim into the Indian Union via the 36th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975. • Article 5: • Deals with citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution on January 26, 1950. • It covers persons who were born in India, whose parents were born in India, or who were ordinarily resident in India for five years preceding the commencement. • Article 6: • Confers citizenship rights to individuals who migrated to India from Pakistan before the specified cutoff date. • Article 4: • Mandates that laws made under Article 2 and Article 3 provide for the amendment of the First Schedule and Fourth Schedule without being considered formal amendments under Article 368.