Concept: Permanent tissue: • Permanent tissues are made of those mature tissues that have lost their capacity of division and attain a definite form of various works. • Permanent tissues are of simple tissue and complex tissue. • If permanent tissue is made up of similar types of cells, it is called simple tissue. • If permanent tissue is made up of one or more types of cells, it is called complex tissue. • Xylem and Phloem are the Complex Permanent tissues. • Parenchyma, Sclerenchyma, and Collenchyma are the Simple Permanent Plant tissues. • Sclerenchyma: supporting tissue in higher plants. • Parenchyma: makes up most of the cells within leaves, flowers, and fruits. • Collenchyma: provides support, structure, tensile strength, and flexibility which helps the plant to bend. Explanation: Sclerenchyma: • It is a simple permanent plant tissue. • It provides mechanical stiffness and strength to the plants. • It is composed of dead cells i.e non-living or dead cells. Collenchyma: • Collenchyma tissue is composed of elongated living cells of uneven primary thick walls, which possess hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectic materials. • It provides support, structure, mechanical strength, and flexibility to the petiole, leaf veins, and stem of young plants, allowing for easy bending without breakage. Parenchyma: • These are living polygonal cells with a big central vacuole & intercellular spaces amidst them. • Parenchymatous cells are responsible to create ground pith & tissue. • It comprising of chloroplasts and that's why it is termed as chlorenchyma & it helps in photosynthesis. Important Notes: Meristematic tissue: • Growing regions of the plants are called Meristem. • Meristematic tissue has the capability of cell division. • It is round, oval, and multisided. • It grows and constitutes the different parts of the plant. There are three types of meristematic tissues- • Apical meristem- these are located at the shoot tips and root tips. • Intercalary meristem- located between permanent tissues, at the leaf base and nodes. • Lateral meristem- located at the sides(edges).