The correct answer is only (b). Explanation & Key Takeaways: Migration: • When a person or a group of the community move from one place to another, majorly across political and administrative borders; it gives rise to migration. As per the 2011 census: • 5.3 crore migrants were recorded who moved from one village to another • 2.1 crores migrants moved from the villages to towns • 62 lakhs migrants from moved from towns to villages • 1.4 crore migrants moved from one town to another • Maharashtra topped the list of the states w.r.t the number of net migrants (23.8 lacks) • Hence, we can say that the population is decreasing continuously in rural areas mainly due to Migration. Hence, statement (b) is correct. Causes of Migration: • In India, people migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, and lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health care, education, etc. • Apart from these factors, natural disasters such as floods, drought, cyclonic storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, wars and local conflicts also give an extra push to migrate. • The most important pull factor for the majority of the rural migrants to urban areas is the better opportunities, availability of regular work and relatively higher wages. • Better opportunities for education, better health facilities and sources of entertainment, etc., are also quite significant pull factors. Hence, statement (d) is not correct. • It is not true that employment is not available in Rural areas. Schemes like MGNREGA provides employment to the rural population in rural areas. Hence, statement (c) is not correct. • The low birth rate is not the reason behind the decreasing population. The birth rate in the rural areas is higher than that of the Urban areas. Hence, statement (a) is not correct.