The correct answer is all the above. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Tendulkar Committee was set up in Dec, 2005 by an expert group constituted by the Planning Commission to review methodology for poverty estimation and to address the shortcomings of the previous methods and submitted the report in December 2009. Recommendations • Shift away from the calorie-based model: The committee recommended to shift away from the calorie-based model and made the poverty line broader by considering monthly spending on education, health, electricity and transport in addition to nutritional requirements. (Statement a is correct) • Private Expenditure: Incorporation of private expenditure on health and education while estimating poverty. (Statement c is correct) • Mixed Reference Period: The Committee recommended using Mixed Reference Period based estimates, as opposed to Uniform Reference Period based estimates that were used in earlier methods for estimating poverty. (Statement b is correct) • Tendulkar committee computed poverty lines for 2004-05 at a level that was equivalent, in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms to Rs 33 per day. • Uniform Poverty line Basket: Tendulkar Committee computed new poverty lines for rural and urban areas of each state based on the uniform poverty line basket and found that all India poverty line (2004-05) was: • ₹446.68 per capita per month in rural areas • ₹578.80 per capita per month in urban areas • Price Adjustment Procedure: The Committee also recommended a new method of updating poverty lines, adjusting for changes in prices and patterns of consumption using the consumption basket of people close to the poverty line.