The correct answer is Chittaranjan Das. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • C.R. Das served as the president of the Indian National Congress for a session and co-founder of the Swaraj Party. • He was also known as ‘Deshbandhu’, or ‘friend of the nation’. • He entered active politics in 1917 during the Congress Calcutta session. • As he was a lawyer, he defended Aurobindo Ghosh in the 1908 Alipore Bomb Case. • He also contributed to the English weekly ‘Bande Mataram’ along with Aurobindo and Bipin Chandra Pal. • He published his collection of poems in two volumes titled ‘Malancha’ and ‘Mala’. • In 1919, he criticized the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms, which were aimed at establishing a dual government system or dyarchy in India. Important Notes: • In 1920, Das sacrificed all his luxuries and supported the cause of ‘khadi’. • He actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement headed by Gandhiji. • On 4 February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi suddenly ended the movement following the Chauri Chaura incident. • Many congress leaders like C.R Das and Motilal Nehru were firmly against Gandhi’s move. • At the Gaya session of the party in December 1922, Das was chosen as the Congress president but resigned later when his plan to introduce non-cooperation from within the councils failed to go through. • C.R Das and Motilal Nehru established the Swaraj Party within Congress. • The aim of the newly-founded party was to contest in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1923 and derail British rule through anti-government activities within the council chambers. • The party was able to secure only 40 seats and the number was too small to make any legislative impact.