The correct answer is 1857. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • The uprising of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, was a major rebellion against the British East India Company. • The revolt began on 10 May 1857 in Meerut and quickly spread across northern and central India. • It was fueled by widespread resentment against British policies, including the Doctrine of Lapse and exploitation of Indian resources. • Key leaders of the revolt included Rani Lakshmibai, Bahadur Shah II, Tantia Tope, and Nana Sahib. • The rebellion ended in 1858 with the British re-establishing control, marking the end of the East India Company’s rule and the beginning of direct British governance under the Crown. Related Concepts: • Doctrine of Lapse: • Introduced by Lord Dalhousie, it allowed the British to annex states where rulers died without a male heir. • It led to the annexation of several princely states, including Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur, causing widespread resentment. • Causes of the Revolt: • Economic exploitation and heavy taxation by the British. • Religious and cultural interference, including the introduction of laws like the abolition of Sati. • The introduction of the Enfield rifle, which required soldiers to bite cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, offending both Hindu and Muslim religious sentiments. • Key Events: • The rebellion started in Meerut and spread to major cities such as Delhi, Kanpur, and Lucknow. • The siege of Delhi and the capture of Bahadur Shah II marked significant moments during the revolt. • Impact of the Revolt: • The British Crown took over direct control of India from the East India Company in 1858. • The Government of India Act 1858 established the office of the Secretary of State for India. • It marked the beginning of organized resistance against British rule in India, eventually leading to independence movements.