The correct answer is 1502. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Vasco da Gama first landed in Calicut (now Kozhikode) on the Malabar Coast in 1498, marking the beginning of European exploration in India. • His second voyage to India occurred in 1502, under the orders of the Portuguese crown, to strengthen Portuguese influence in the region. • During this expedition, Vasco da Gama attacked Arab trading ships and established Portuguese dominance over the Indian Ocean trade routes. • He also set up a Portuguese trading post in Calicut and signed a treaty with the local ruler, the Zamorin of Calicut. • This voyage further intensified European colonization and maritime trade in Asia, particularly in spices. Related Concepts: • Vasco da Gama’s First Voyage (1497-1499): • It marked the discovery of a sea route from Europe to India via the Cape of Good Hope. • He reached Calicut on 20 May 1498 and was warmly received by the Zamorin (local ruler). • This voyage paved the way for the Portuguese colonial empire in Asia. • Zamorin of Calicut: • The Zamorins were the hereditary rulers of Calicut, known for their support of international trade, particularly spices. • They played a crucial role in the early interactions between Europeans and Indian merchants. • Impact of Vasco da Gama’s Voyages: • His expeditions led to the establishment of Portuguese colonies in India, including Goa. • It resulted in a shift in global trade routes and economic power towards Europe. • These voyages also initiated centuries of European colonial rule in various parts of Asia. • Portuguese Influence in India: • They introduced European architecture, religion (Christianity), and cultural practices. • They dominated maritime trade routes in the Indian Ocean for over a century. • The Portuguese influence waned with the arrival of other European powers like the Dutch, British, and French.