The correct answer is Option 4. Explanation & Key Takeaways: Gopal Hari Deshmukh (1823-1892): • philanthropist are recognized as pioneers in the field of religious education in Maharashtra. • The name of the philanthropist was Gopal Hari Deshmukh. He was born on 18 February 1823 AD in Pune. • He learned English, Sanskrit, Persian, Gujarati, Hindi and other languages. He was appointed as an interpreter. • Later he worked in the positions of Shirastedar, Munsaf, Inam Commissioner, Judge etc. • He was given the title 'Rao Bahadur' by the government. • The philanthropists were honored by getting many positions and titles from the government and the people. • In Bhau Mahajan's 'Prabhakar', the writings he addressed to the Hindu society are called 'Shatapatre'. • It shows his progressive attitude and his concern for social welfare. • Wrote books like 'Lakshmijnana', 'Gitatva', 'Jatibhed', 'Bharatkhand Parva', 'Bhikshuka', 'History of Lanka', 'Historical Things', 'Battle of Panipat', 'Kali Yuga' etc. • The philanthropist was a visionary thinker. He attacked the undesirable customs, traditions, superstitions, open beliefs etc. in the society, child marriage, dowry, polygamy in the society. He presented the ideas of women's equality. • The philanthropists strongly criticized the degradation of Indian society due to the caste system. • He insisted that the upper castes should give up their caste superiority and adopt a new way of thinking for the welfare of the society. • He insisted on English education, knowledge of physics, modern industries for the progress of the society. • Gopalrao presented the idea that the overall development of the country will not be achieved only through religious reforms, but without these reforms, the country should gain political independence. • To achieve this goal, Gopal Rao told the public that the people should strive to oust the foreign power in the country and get their own political rights. Hence statement (b) is correct. Common Pitfalls: • Nana Shankarsheth first imported sugarcane from Mauritius to Maharashtra. Hence statement (c) is incorrect. • Induprakash was started by Vishnu Shastri Pandit as a newspaper. Gopal Hari Deshmukh wrote from this newspaper. Hence statement (a) is incorrect. • Gyanodaya was a newspaper published from Ahmednagar. • This newspaper was started in the year 1843. • It was started by the American Marathi Mission. • Its main aim was to spread Christianity.