The correct answer is Black Soil. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Black Soil is predomainantly found in the Deccan lava tract in India. • On the Deccan lava plateau and the Malwa Plateau, where there is moderate rainfall and underlying basaltic rock, black soils, which are derivatives of trap lava, are mostly found in interior Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. • Black soils have a high percentage of clay, which causes large fissures to form during the dry season, yet their iron-rich granular structure prevents wind and water erosion. • Despite having little humus, they are very moisture-retentive and react well to irrigation. • These soils can also be found on several outlying tracts where river processes have caused the underlying basalt to be moved from its original position. Important Notes: • Alluvium is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by flowing water on a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in environments that are similar. • About 13% of the soils on Earth are red soil, which often forms in warm, moderate, and humid areas. • Heavy rainfall, periods of wet and dry weather, and high temperatures all contribute to the formation of laterite soil, which is then primarily composed of iron and aluminium oxides once the soil has been leached.