The correct answer is Both 1 and 2. Important Notes: Land reforms in India: • From the 1950s to the 1970s, a series of land reform laws were passed – at the national level as well as in the states – that were intended to bring about many changes. • Land reforms in India had three objectives: • Removing institutional discrepancies of the agrarian structure inherited from the past which obstructed increasing agricultural production • The other objective of the land reforms in India was related to the issue of socio-economic inequality in the country. • One of the objectives of land reform was to increase agricultural production for solving the inter-related problems of poverty, malnutrition and food insecurity. Explanation & Key Takeaways: To realize the objectives of land reforms, the government took three main steps : • Age-old exploitative land tenure systems of the Zamindari, Mahalwari and Ryotwari were fully abolished. Hence, statement 1 is correct. • In the second step, three inter-related reforms protecting the land tenants were affected: • Regulation of rent so that a fixed and rational rate of rent could be paid by the sharecroppers to the landowners. Hence, statement 2 is correct. • Security of tenure so that a share-cropper could feel secure about his future income and his economic security; and • Ownership rights to tenants so that the landless masses (i.e., the tenants, the sharecroppers) could get the final rights for the land they plough-“land to the tillers”. • The third major step of land reform laws was the Land Ceiling Acts. These laws imposed an upper limit on the amount of land that can be owned by a particular family.